Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 10 Questions

1. The role of 'dot' to 'boy' shows how far away the Jews were to anyone or anywhere and that it would have taken a very long time for anyone such as Bruno to arrive at the camp. This represents that the Germans viewed the Jewish people as insignificant dots compared to themselves and everyone else and how much they didn't care and hated the Jews.

2. The effect is to show how both boys are so young while one is a Jewish boy trapped in a concentration camp awaiting death while the other is just another innocent German boy who is minding his own business. This also helps to show how the Nazis killed so many children of very young ages of nine years old.

3. Bruno and Shmuel argue about which is a nicer place to live: Germany (Berlin) or Poland, they also argue about where they actually are. Bruno decides to stop the argument  because he does not want to fight with his new friend and he changes the conversation by telling him about exploration.

4. Bruno's last question reveals to Shmuel that he knows that they are different to each other in the way that they are dressed, where they come from and why they're on different sides of the fence. Shmuel probably thinks that Bruno is not very intelligent or smart to be able to see what is going on.

Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 9 Questions

1. How is Lt Kotler portrayed? Why is he portrayed this way? (remember that 'how' is asking about literary techniques)                                                                                                                                     2. What is Herr Liszt going to 'change' for Bruno? Herr Liszt is going to 'change' the way Bruno understands the world around him and his countries past and history of Germany so he can understand where he comes from.                                                                             
3.What connection does Bruno make between the people in the camp and the people that come and visit his house all the time? He notices that the people who come to the house to visit are wearing soldier uniforms and not the striped pyjamas. Bruno is also aware that his father never invites any of the people in the striped pyjamas unlike he does with the people in uniform. 
4. What some of the things that Bruno begins to take notice of regarding the relationship between the soldiers and the people in 'pyjamas'? Bruno starts to notice that the soldiers are in charge of the people in the striped pyjamas and that the people in the striped pyjamas are very scared around the soldiers who are very mean towards the people.

Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 7 Questions

1. How is the mother's defence of Herr Roller entirely ironic? It is entirely ironic because his mother is saying to Bruno that he should not laugh or be mean to Herr Roller because he got hurt in the war but there are thousands or Jews being killed and they do care or do nothing about it.
2. What role does Kotler represent historically in the novel? (think beyond being a soldier) He represents the 'perfect race' depicted by Hitler with the blonder hair and blue eyes and all the Germans who believe that Hitler was the greatest and that the Jews were filthy and non-human.
3. What character is Kotler juxtaposed with in this chapter? What effect does it have on understanding each of these characters? Kotler is juxtaposed with Pavel as Kotler is a Nazi soldier and Pavel is a Jew. This helps us understand the way the Nazis talked to the Jews especially the ones that are being used as slaves for the Nazi families. This also helps us to understand how the Kotler reacts when a Jew is present compared to when Gretel and Bruno are around.
4. How would you compare the interaction Bruno has with Pavel to all the other interactions Bruno has had with adults? The interaction that Bruno has with Pavel compared to all the other interactions is that he seems to understand Pavel better than anyone else. Brunos seems to look at listen to Pavel a lot more intently than he does with anyone else such as his mother or father and he feels warm and safe when Pavel is around compared to when he is with Gretel, Kotler or his father.
5. Why is juxtaposition a key technique employed in Holocaust texts? How has it been used in The Boy in the Striped PJ's? Juxtaposition is a key technique which is employed in Holocaust texts because it shows how completely different the Germans/Nazis are in the way that they think, what they believe and the way they treat people different to themselves compared to the Jewish people. This has been used in the Boy in the Striped PJ's many times to help show how a innocent German (Bruno) looks at the way the Nazis feel about the Jews and the way they treat people. E.g. When Bruno and his family were boarding the train to Auschwitz and they were going on a nice, comfortable and empty train because they were German and their father was a Nazi soldier and next to them was a train heading in the same direction which was cramped with Jews who were being put on trains like cattle being led to their deaths and the innocent Bruno thought it would be a good thing to do to notify those people that their was space on their train but shook away the thought as he believed his mother and Gretel would become very angry.

Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 6 Questions

1. On pg 60 Bruno reveals a radical shift in his perspective and understanding of Maria. What is this radical shift? What does this show is developing in Bruno? The radical shift on his perspective of Maria is that he realises that Maria has feelings and thoughts like he does and that she might like to do things or be with other people which never occurred to Bruno. This shows that Bruno is developing into someone who is not self-conscious all the time and doesn't just care about him and his problems but how other people feel or think as well.
2. Compare how Bruno and Gretel treat Maria. Bruno treats Maria kindly and always tries to be nice to her unless he is angry which he then orders Maria around like a slave but Gretel whether she is in a kind or mean mood who tone of voice and the way she treats Maria is very harsh and demanding.
3. (pg 65) What is Maria's advice to Bruno about 'keeping safe'? Why do you think that she gives this advice? Do you think that it is good or bad advice? Her advice to Bruno is that he should concentrate on his school work and always listen to what his father tells him to. Maria gives this advice to Bruno so that Bruno doesn't get involved with his fathers job and all the trouble he could be faced with from the Nazi soldiers. I think that this is good advice as it may help Bruno to think about what he is going to say or complain about next time he is near his father or other Nazi soldiers.
4. (65-6) What is Bruno's reaction to his new thoughts/feelings? Why do you think that he reacts this way? Bruno's reaction to his new thoughts and feelings is that he wants to cry because he feels that he must not be rude or disrespectful to people such as Maria or his father as they are good people but that means that he is not allowed to have a say in the matter of going home or cannot say what he thinks or feels to anyone.

Holocaust Poetry No.2

Homeland
Lois E. Olena

It was Christmas eve
and there was no room in the inn,
the Oswiecim inn,
so the Arrow Cross
took the children,
barefooted
and in their nighties,
out to the Danube
and filled their little bellies
not with bread
but bullets
flipping them
like tiddlywinks
into the congealing, icy river below.

It was the Red Danube
that night,
choking on the blood
of orphan Jews
whose little Blue faces
floated downstream
touring even all of Europe
until they washed up
on the shores of Eretz Yisrael (Jewish homeland)
and came back to life,
their little blue and white
bodies
raised high,
flapping in the wind.

How is imagery used in this poem? Imagery is used throughout this poem to describe the Jewish children and everything that happens to them. 

Discuss the effect of the simile in this poem. The effect of the simile in this poem is to show how they were treated such as a game and the Nazis were the players in the game controlling them and deciding their fates. 

How is alliteration used in the poem? What is the effect? Alliteration is used in this poem to contrast the difference between the bread and the bullets where the kids were being fed barely anything and the bullets which killed the Jewish kids.

How does the author juxtapose the innocence of the children to the cruelty they experienced? The author juxtaposes the innocence of the children to the cruelty they experienced by telling us how the children were treated poorly without knowing anything that is happening to them. 

What is meant by 'touring all of Europe'? It means that when they were thrown into the river which flowed through Europe where they eventually washed onto the shores of Eretz Yisrael.

Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 5 Questions

1. What does it say that we only actually meet the father in the book in Chapter 5 even though he is the one causing much of the action in the book? That he is not that important character in the book as we have met just about everyone and we are already up to Chapter 5 when we meet him.
2. The mother says: ‘We should have never let the Fury come to dinner. Some people and their determination to get ahead.’ What theme does this introduce regarding the role of ambition and causing harm? It means that the Fury wants the concentration camps to start working which means all the Jews are being taken there and being killed so that desire and ambition for the Fury's plan to succeed means that people will die.
3. How does Bruno's father speak to him? Give an example to support your answer. Bruno's father speaks to him with authority and power behind his words. His father also speaks to Bruno without and caring or love in his voice unless Bruno does something very good.
4. How would you compare the way Bruno speaks about the world to his father's? Do they both comment about what is going on around them the same? Bruno's father speaks about the world through his job and belief in the Nazi regime where as Bruno speaks about the world through innocence and the element of being a child.
5. How does the father rationalise every concern that Bruno has? Bruno's father rationalise every concern Bruno's has by saying that they have to stay because that is where their family is and that he has an important job and it is what will be good for his country.
6. What is ironic about what the father says when he comes around the desk and talks to Bruno about his childhood? It is ironic because his father tells Bruno that it was for his good that he always did what his father told him but ironically his father does not have a better life because he did what his father told him to.
7. Do you think that the father really cares about Bruno? Why/why not? No he doesn't because although his father listens to Bruno's problems he does not help Bruno to make a fun time at Out-with and his father cares more about his job than anything.
8. Do you think that Bruno understands what he is saying when he says 'Heil Hitler!'? No he doesn't because he says he thinks its saying goodbye and have a nice day but he only says that to soldiers which would indicate some importance of saying it but Bruno does not even realise that.
9. How is juxtaposition used in Bruno's description of their boarding the train to Auschwitz? Juxtaposition is used when he boards on the train as he is going onto a nice, fancy train to Auschwitz which has barely anyone in it when the train which is taken the Jews to the concentration camp and very over crowded shows the difference in how the Germans and Nazis lived compared to how the Jews were treated.
10. What is Bruno's reason for not saying anything to the Jews on the crowded train? How is this a representation of the greater German population? Bruno's reason was that he didn't want to make his mother or Gretel angry which is a representation of the greater German population because it shows that they didn't want to have any connection or be near any Jews.

Holocaust Imagery- Hitler at a Nazi Rally

1. How are vectors used in this image? What effect does it have? The vector lines in this image are firstly used by having all of the soldiers holding up the Nazi sign which draws our attention down to the focal point of the picture which is Adolf Hitler. The other vector lines are of the thousands of people lined up along the aisle to see Hitler. This use of vector lines which are so perfectly straight and which lead our lines to Hitler reflect the way that the Nazis thought and to show how much they had to respect their leader.
2. Describe the composition of the image and what is tells us about the Nazis and Hitler. The composition of the image is about how the thousands of people are together but leaving a giant line through them to let Hitler and his associates and the Nazi soldiers who are standing perfectly straight holding up the Nazi symbol as Hitler walks through which tells us that Hitler and the Nazis were perfectionists and that everything they did had to be perfectly straight and nothing can be out of place with their discipline. This also shows that the Nazis dominate over everyone.
3. How is symmetry used? What effect does it have? The use of symmetry is used to show that the crowds and the soldiers are perfectly symmetrical to each other which makes us look to the focal point of the image that is Hitler and his associates walking through the crowd.
4. What effect does this picture being in black and white have? The effect of the image being in black and white is to show that the soldiers and the Nazi party are in black who control everything there and the crowds in white to show how they are not as important.This picture drains all the colour and happiness out of the picture which is what the Nazis do. They difference in the black of the Nazis and white of the crowds to show how the power was of the Nazis and how they abused it when they could have helped bring Germany back to being a powerful, wealthy nation.
5. Discuss the use of line in this image. What effect does it have? The lines are perfect and are all symmetrical to each other. This effect makes us draw our focus to the focal point of the picture and the Nazi power ascending to power.

The Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 4 Questions

1. The author keeps on using juxtaposition in regards to the two houses by comparing them to each other making Bruno more curious about what the house in the outside is used for and why all those people live there. The author is also comparing these two houses to show that even though Bruno feels that his house is the worst house in the world there is something right next to him that is even worse.

2. Because Bruno and Gretel are children and their innocence blinds them from knowing the truth about the children behind the wired fence it does not let us completely understand exactly what they see through the window and which makes it hard for the reader to know exactly how bad it is.

3. Gretel describes what she sees by starting from the closest thing to the window which is the garden, then the bench where she envisions sitting on a sunny day and reading a book, and then goes through some bush and grass where is is immediately surprised by the huge wire fence and light poles that bend inwards and then the buildings and children. This helps to show the difference to where they'r living and where the children are living.

4. Gretel, when she sees the concentration camp, tries to find another explanation for why all those people and the buildings are placed there. She tries to believe that all of these people are there for some suitable reason and they are living out here for a suitable reason.

5. Gretel keeps on trying to convince Bruno that her explanation is adequate but Bruno always finds something that doesn't make the explanation seem true. Gretel's attempt to make Bruno believe is not successful and when Bruno asks about hot water and why they don't have any she walks away and goes back to her room as she has no valuable explanation for that question which shows that Gretel cannot think of a logical explanation for the children.

6. The children cannot think about why the children are actually there for unlike adults who would have more knowledge about it and would be able to come up with a better explanation.

Responding to a Poem

Holocaust
by Barbara Sonek

We played, we laughed
we were loved.
We were ripped from the arms of our
parents and thrown into the fire.
We were nothing more than children.
We had a future. We were going to be lawyers, rabbis, wives, teachers, mothers.
We had dreams, then we had no hope. We were taken away in the dead of night

 like cattle in cars, no air to breathe smothering, crying, starving, dying.
Separated from the world to be no more. From the ashes,

 hear our plea. This atrocity to mankind can not happen again. Remember us, 
for we were the children whose dreams and lives were stolen away.




1. Construct a response to this poem using the same style and structure. 

2. Be mindful of your perspective. Your poem should be from your perspective.

3. Utilise the same techniques employed by the author.

We laughed, we played, we had fun,
like children who had no problems in life
who can grow up and become lawyers, doctors, teachers
Then we read and watched the stories 

with the past that contained your deaths

and we cried, we were shocked and we are sorrowful

we feel that our lives are more meaningful than ever thanks to 
your sacrifice for the children of the future 

We are the ones who must tell your story to the world 

and I feel that I must let my kids understand your pain and your suffering

So that the future ahead does not mirror the past  

Boy in the Striped Pj's Chapter 3 Questions

1. Describe how Bruno and Gretel's relationship is introduced in the chapter. Bruno and Gretel's relationship is introduced by telling us how Bruno feels about Gretel which he doesn't want to admit but he is scared of her. Bruno also thinks that Gretel has some nasty habits such as spending too much time in the bathroom or leaving Bruno outside.
2. List quotes that show how the new house is described. 
3. It was very hollow and he decided that he better not go jumping around this house too often or it might collapse around their ears. What is the significance of this quote?
4. What is Bruno's reaction to the new house? Bruno's reaction to the old house is that he still doesn't like the house very much but he wouldn't mind being there for a few weeks so he can be away from his sister's friends. 
5. How does it compare to their old house? It is very small and not very well maintained unlike the old house which has many rooms and was always maintained. The old house also had many things to do to occupy Bruno such as the banister or the stalls out on the road unlike the new house which is deserted and all on its own with nothing fun to do besides explore the surroundings.
6. How does Gretel relate to her father? Gretel relates to her father by controlling her brother and talking to her Bruno in the same way that her father does.
7. Does Bruno understand where they are? What makes you believe this? Bruno does not understand where they are because he seems to think that the children are just random children and that he doesn't know what his father does.
8. Does Gretel understand where they are? Explain. Gretel does understand where they are because her reaction to Bruno talking about the children and then her being scared of looking out the window suggests that she may have been told about where they are and what is happening there.
9. How is Bruno's description of 'Out-with' represent a motif? What is darkly ironic about this? Bruno's description of 'Out-with' represents a motif as he described and says what he thinks about the house which is written about throughout the book and is darkly ironic because he does not like the house compared to his old one and everything about him makes him nervous which is exactly like what Auschwitz would feel like when the concentration camp was there.
10. Read pgs 27-29. How are Bruno's and Gretel's reaction to 'the children' Bruno sees through the window different? What does this tell us about these two characters and their perception/understanding of where they are? Bruno's reaction to the children is completely different to Gretel's reaction to 'the children' as Bruno is curious and does not know much about the children whereas Gretel is frightened and worried at the though of children being out in the landscape. This tells us that Bruno's perception and understanding is one of innocence and has no real idea why they would be there whereas Gretel appears to have knowledge about the children which takes away her innocence on the matter.

Holocaust Poem and Questions

Holocaust
by Barbara Sonek

We played, we laughed
we were loved.
We were ripped from the arms of our
parents and thrown into the fire.
We were nothing more than children.
We had a future. We were going to be lawyers, rabbis, wives, teachers, mothers. We had dreams, then we had no hope. We were taken away in the dead of night like cattle in cars, no air to breathe smothering, crying, starving, dying. Separated from the world to be no more. From the ashes, hear our plea. This atrocity to mankind can not happen again. Remember us, for we were the children whose dreams and lives were stolen away.

1. What is your initial reaction to this poem? My initial reaction of this poem is that I feel very sad and sorry for the people and the children who were killed in the concentration camps.
2. How does the author use 'we' in this poem? The author uses 'we' to talk about every single child who was killed in the holocaust. A collective pronoun and inclusive language.
3. What are the verbs used in the first sentence? The verbs used in the first sentence are 'played, laughed and loved which refers to the children's lives before they were taken to the concentration camp.
4. What are the verbs used in the second sentence? How do they contrast with those used in the first sentence? The verbs used in the second sentence are 'ripped and thrown' which refer to when the Jewish children were taken away and killed. They are completely different in contrast compared to the words used in the first sentence as they are used to described evil and death whereas the other words are about happiness and joy. This juxtaposition helps to show the contrast in words that are used.
5. What effect does the listing of 'lawyers, rabbis, wives, teachers, mothers'? What is it meant to signify? The effect of listing the different jobs is to enhance how meaningful the deaths of the Jewish children were and signifies how these children were taken away from their past lives and killed when they could have had great jobs and grown up to be great people.
6. What simile is used in the poem and what effect does it have? The simile that is used in the poem is "like cattle in car" which makes it seem like they were rounded up and treated like cattle and then placed in cars which were sent to the concentration camps.
7. How has the poet represented herself in the last sentence? She has represented herself in the last sentence by adding in 'our and we' which says that she was one of those children who suffered and was a victim of the Holocaust. She also has 'remember us' which places herself within the poem.
8. If you could communicate to this person, a victim of the Holocaust, what would you want to say? What do you feel that you must do in your life as a response to this poem? If I could communicate to this person I would want to say to them that I feel very sad and sorry for them and their families. I feel that I must make sure that my children and family is educated about the Holocaust so they know how terrible it was and they know to never let anything like that happen again.

Boy in the Striped PJ's Chapter 2

1. "However, the new house had only three floors: a top floor where all three bedrooms were and only one bathroom, a ground floor with a kitchen, a dining room and a new office for Father (which, he presumed, had the same restrictions as the old one), and a basement where the servants slept". The new house is described in comparison with the old house and is compared to the old house as well.


2. The new house, compared to their house in Berlin is very small and barely has any rooms in the house unlike in Berlin. There is also no other houses or shops around the new house and it is just surrounded by grass and trees. This is an example of juxtaposition because the author compares the two houses and points out their differences and what made the house in Berlin so nice for Bruno compared to the new house.


3. Bruno's reaction and discussion of the new house is taken by his mother in an unfriendly and angry way because Bruno tries to convince his mother that moving was a big mistake and that they should leave in the morning and she is unhappy about this and orders Bruno to go upstairs and pack. 
Maria takes Bruno's reaction and discussion as if they were in the old house. She doesn't say anything about how she feels about it. All she says is how important Bruno's fathers job is and that is why they had to move here. This is ironic because both characters mean that they should be here and need to be at the new house because of the father's job but ironically none of them want to be there themselves but have to go along with it like Bruno. It is also ironic that Bruno is complaining about his new house when Jews are being marched into a concentration camp a few kilometres away.


4. I do feel empathetic towards Bruno's new home because of the same reasons Bruno feels. If I had to move to a new home without a say in the matter and being forced to go and then the new home being very boring, small and uninviting unlike the old house I may feel very uneasy about the whole thing. 

Boy in Striped PJ's- Chapter 1

Bruno's Voice, introduction of characters, and victims

• Describe Bruno's voice. Give examples to support. Bruno's voice is demanding and controlling like his father but he tries to always be polite and respect everyone like his mother tells him. "‘What are you doing?’ he asked in as polite a tone as he could muster, for although he wasn’t happy to come home and find someone going through his possessions". This indicates that Bruno's voice has meaning in it and always wants to know things that are bothering him but tries to stay polite which indicates that he changes between his mother and father. 

• What characters are introduced? Describe each and give examples to support.
•  The first character to be introduced is Bruno who is a small, German boy whose family is very rich and his farther is a Nazi. He always wants to know whatever bothers him and he likes to keep the things that are close to him hidden and private. 
• The second character which is introduced is Maria and she is one of the maids who takes care of the house. She is a nice and kind women who isn't always given the respect she deserves by Bruno. 
• The third character is Bruno's  mother. She is a tall women with long red hair who has a kind and caring personality but doesn't like people to be rude to her. 

• Who are presented as victims in this chapter and what are the victims of? Do you think that it is fair to consider them victims? The victims in this chapter are Bruno and the mother who don not have any power in the house and have to go away from their home and live somewhere else because the father has somewhere to go with his job. I think that is fair to say that they are victims because none of them wanted to move or decided to move and they are also forced into going otherwise they wouldn't see their father again.

• Irony is an important element of the story. How is it used here in the first chapter? Give examples to support your answer. Dramatic irony is used in this chapter as we know more than Bruno does about his father and where they will probably going. This gives us a bit more information on how much Bruno is in the dark about his fathers job and where are they going.

• How is the setting presented in this chapter? The setting is presented as the house is described through the banister as it goes throughout the whole house. Bruno likes to slide down the banister through all the floors which are described as if you were sliding down the banister. 

Auschwitz 65 years later

1. Colour- The colours used in the photo reflects the mood and feeling that the concentration camp would have had 65 years ago and the feeling now as well. The grey sky, dark brown and black on the buildings and fences echo the gloomy, scary, spine chilling feeling you would have had if you were at a concentration camp.
2. Composition- The composition of this photographs shows us nearly every aspect of the concentration camp with the barbed wire fence to keep the Jews in which then draws our attention down the perfectly symmetrical line of fence down to the watch towers to keep and eye from above and one of the buildings they may have been used for the factory. This shows how every aspect of the concentration camp would have been a terrible place to be in and how evil the Nazis were.
3. Lines- The repetition of lines in this photograph which are perfectly symmetrical and parallel to each other. These lines and perfectionist details reflects the Nazis way of life and how they felt lived their lives.
4. The sun that shining down only on the outside of the camp reflects how gloomy and sad it would have been in the camp.
5. The Fence and Tower- The fence and the watch tower also symbolises how the Jews were like farm animals and had to be kept in a fenced area and watch over 24/7 

This picture taken of the Auschwitz concentration camp shows us a look into what would have been the lives of the Jewish people who were kept here.
With the geometrical shapes and the perfectionist windows, fences and buildings, the sign saying high voltage in German which was to stop anyone getting out and . All of these reflect the location of the concentration camp and what it actually is.

The railway track passing through the camp which would have been used to transport the Jews into the camp which indicates that there was one way in and one way out which would have been impossible to get out of.

1. How are the Germans (and Japanese) portrayed in the opening sequence? How is irony created? As being exaggerated in a humours nature and being proud and feeling superior and this is ironic because they are singing about how good they are but they are portrayed to be clumsy and idiotic.  
2. How is propaganda and the effect of propaganda portrayed with the introduction of Donald Duck? The Nazis symbol is everywhere and everyone is saluting and hailing Hitler.
3. How is irony continued into the breakfast scene? Its ironic because the bread is made of wood and the perfume smells of bacon and eggs which is what the Jewish people would have felt like and had while the Germans soldiers were being well fed.
4. How is Naxi Germany portrayed in the opening shot at 3:30? It is portrayed in the opening shot in a negative way with the headquarters of the Nazis in a dark and evil way with the dark colours and geometrical shapes.
5. What is ironic about the song lyrics regarding work and what is happening in the scene? The song is saying that they will never be slaves but Donald Duck is actually being 
6. What does the conveyor belt portray regarding the lifestyle of Germans? The Germans lifestyle has never ending work which will never stop.
7. Why do you think that there aren't actually any people that force Donald to work? We only see the ends of bayonets and a speaker. Because we stay focused on Donald so that we think that when we see the bayonets and speaker that it is actually the whole Nazis campaign forcing him to work.
8. What is ironic about the vacation? Its ironic because its actually not a vacation as he has to keep on working.
9. In the dream sequence, how are the Germans portrayed? Why? They're portrayed as weapons to shows that they are more powerful than everyone else.
10. What do the pajamas when we see Donald in his bed tell us? The blue and red pyjamas shows that he is in the U.S.A and he is very patriotic to America.
11. What is the Statue of Liberty used to convey?
12. How is Hilter portrayed at the end of the film? What is it about his face that is important?
13. Why is this a representation of propaganda? Why is it actually ironic considering the way the Nazi's are portrayed?
14. Who are the villains, victims, and heroes?
15. How are the portrayed?
16. What can you conclude about how these characters are portrayed knowing that this was produced in 1943 USA? (write a short essay including a discussion of the director's use of film techniques.)

Scenes from Life is Beautiful with Q and A

(4:20) How are camera angles used when Joshua says 'Thank you' (not in German)? Which angles are used to view each of the characters? What does each of these angle signify? When Joshua says "Thank you" they use a high angle shot and a low angle shot for the German waiter. These angles signify the dominance that the Germans have over the Jewish kids and people and kids.

(4:45) What shot distance and angle is used to show Guido's concern for Joshua when the German waiter leaves the room? Describe the composition) They use a close up, eye level. This is to show what the hero will do and how he will protect the victim this time.

(4:46) How is shot of Guido contrasted to the shot of the German waiter walking away to tell someone what has just happened? Describe the composition and compare it to the previous shot of a concerned Guido. The shot of Guido is very different to the shot of the German walking away as he is not perfectly in the centre of the shot, his body is on a slant and the background is not perfectly symmetrical unlike the shot with the 

(5:02-05) How is the shot of the German's contrasted to that of Guido teaching the children to say 'Thank You'? The Germans shot is perfectly straight and symmetrical with a medium, low angle shot where as the shot with Guido is wide shot, high angle with Guido bending down and slumped trying to teach the children to say "Thank you".

HW: How are visual techniques utilised to evoke empathy from the audience and clearly delineate (indicate) who are the heros, villains, and victims in this scene?